Viw Magazine

  • Written by Dustin Marshall, Professor, Marine Evolutionary Ecology, Monash University
An adult _Plectropomus leopardus_ from the Whitsundays. (Credit to David Wachenfeld, Triggerfish Images),

One hectare of ocean in which fishing is not allowed (a marine protected area) produces at least five times the amount of fish as an equivalent unprotected hectare, according to new research published today.

This outsized effect means marine protected areas, or MPAs, are more valuable than we previously thought for conservation and increasing fishing catches in nearby areas.

Previous research has found the number of offspring from a fish increases exponentially as they grow larger, a disparity that had not been taken into account in earlier modelling of fish populations. By revising this basic assumption, the true value of MPAs is clearer.


Read more: Protecting not-so-wild places helps biodiversity


Marine Protected Areas

Marine protected areas are ocean areas where human activity is restricted and at their best are “no take” zones, where removing animals and plants is banned. Fish populations within these areas can grow with limited human interference and potentially “spill-over” to replenish fished populations outside.

Obviously MPAs are designed to protect ecological communities, but scientists have long hoped they can play another role: contributing to the replenishment and maintenance of species that are targeted by fisheries.

Wild fisheries globally are under intense pressure and the size fish catches have levelled off or declined despite an ever-increasing fishing effort.

Yet fishers remain sceptical that any spillover will offset the loss of fishing grounds, and the role of MPAs in fisheries remains contentious. A key issue is the number of offspring that fish inside MPAs produce. If their fecundity is similar to that of fish outside the MPA, then obviously there will be no benefit and only costs to fishers.


Read more: More fish, more fishing: why strategic marine park placement is a win-win


Big fish have far more babies

Traditional models assume that fish reproductive output is proportional to mass, that is, doubling the mass of a fish doubles its reproductive output. Thus, the size of fish within a population is assumed to be less important than the total biomass when calculating population growth.

But a paper recently published in Science demonstrated this assumption is incorrect for 95% of fish species: larger fish actually have disproportionately higher reproductive outputs. That means doubling a fish’s mass more than doubles its reproductive output.

When we feed this newly revised assumption into models of fish reproduction, predictions about the value of MPAs change dramatically.

Author provided

Fish are, on average, 25% longer inside protected areas than outside. This doesn’t sound like much, but it translates into a big difference in reproductive output – an MPA fish produces almost 3 times more offspring on average. This, coupled with higher fish populations because of the no-take rule means MPAs produce between 5 and 200 times (depending on the species) more offspring per unit area than unprotected areas.

Put another way, one hectare of MPA is worth at least 5 hectares of unprotected area in terms of the number of offspring produced.

We have to remember though, just because MPAs produce disproportionately more offspring it doesn’t necessarily mean they enhance fisheries yields.

For protected areas to increase catch sizes, offspring need to move to fished areas. To calculate fisheries yields, we need to model – among other things – larval dispersal between protected and unprotected areas. This information is only available for a few species.

We explored the consequences of disproportionate reproduction for fisheries yields with and without MPAs for one iconic fish, the coral trout on the Great Barrier Reef. This is one of the few species for which we had data for most of the key parameters, including decent estimates of larval dispersal and how connected different populations are.

No-take protected areas increased the amount of common coral trout caught in nearby areas by 12%. Paul Asman and Jill Lenoble/Flickr, CC BY

We found MPAs do in fact enhance yields to fisheries when disproportionate reproduction is included in relatively realistic models of fish populations. For the coral trout, we saw a roughly 12% increase in tonnes of caught fish.

There are two lessons here. First, a fivefold increase in the production of eggs inside MPAs results in only modest increases in yield. This is because limited dispersal and higher death rates in the protected areas dampen the benefits.


Read more: Caught on camera: Ancient Greenland sharks


However the exciting second lesson is these results suggest MPAs are not in conflict with the interests of fishers, as is often argued.

While MPAs restrict access to an entire population of fish, fishers still benefit from from their disproportionate affect on fish numbers. MPAs are a rare win-win strategy.

It’s unclear whether our results will hold for all species. What’s more, these effects rely on strict no-take rules being well-enforced, otherwise the essential differences in the sizes of fish will never be established.

We think that the value of MPAs as a fisheries management tool has been systematically underestimated. Including disproportionate reproduction in our assessments of MPAs should correct this view and partly resolve the debate about their value. Well-designed networks of MPAs could increase much-needed yields from wild-caught fish.

Dustin Marshall receives funding from Australian Research Council.

Liz Morris does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

Authors: Dustin Marshall, Professor, Marine Evolutionary Ecology, Monash University

Read more http://theconversation.com/no-take-marine-areas-help-fishers-and-fish-far-more-than-we-thought-119659

Why Roshar Offers the Best Hydraulic Tipper Trailers in Melbourne

If you are in the market for a reliable and durable hydraulic tipper trailer, choosing the right manufacturer can make all the difference...

Understanding the Mortgage Broking Process in Perth

Navigating the mortgage landscape in Perth can be daunting, especially for first-time homebuyers. This article breaks down the mortgage b...

5 Great Reasons for Any Business to Involve a Leading Digital Marketing Agency

It is sad to consider that there are many businesses across Australia who offer fantastic products who fail to reach their potential. Quite ...

The Benefits of Using Professional Skincare Brands

Professional skincare brands can take your skincare to the next level. The ingredients that have gone into making professional skincare ...

Professional Electrical Contractor Services - Safe, Reliable, and Efficient Solutions for all Electrical Needs

Professional Electrical Contractor Services- Offering safe, reliable, & efficient solutions for all your electrical needs. Trust them ...

Navigating the Labyrinth of Commercial Insurance

In the realm of business, risk is an inseparable companion. Whether you run a small bakery or manage a multinational corporation, the worl...

Title Innovative Uses for Shrink Wrap Beyond Traditional Packaging

Shrink wrap, often associated with packaging and protecting products, has evolved beyond its traditional applications. While it’s common...

How GP Clinics Can Help Manage Chronic Conditions and Preventive Care

General Practice (GP) clinics are fundamental in managing chronic conditions and providing preventive care, playing a pivotal role in main...

Books, Uniforms, Bed Bugs – What’s Will Kids Bring Home from Boarding School

Boarding schools are among the most elite educational facilities in Australia, and yet they are also the perfect breeding ground for pes...

Defensive Driving Courses: Why Every Driver Should Take One

Australia may have some of the safer roads compared to world standards but this doesn’t mean one is ever safe from a collision. Becaus...

7 Benefits of Travelling Across Australia in a Caravan

Exploring the diverse landscapes of Australia is a dream for many, and one of the best ways to experience it is by hitting the road in a c...

The Benefits of Upgrading Your Roof Plumbing System

Upgrading your roof plumbing system can significantly enhance the functionality and longevity of your home’s exterior. Roof plumbing inc...

Why Custom Promotional Products Are Essential for Brand Awareness

In today's competitive market, standing out and capturing the attention of potential customers is more important than ever. One of the mos...

Carpet Cleaning Myths Busted: What Works?

Carpet cleaning is a must for a healthy and beautiful home. But despite its importance many homeowners get confused with the many myths an...

Boost Your Website with SparkTraffic

In the rapidly evolving digital landscape, maintaining a high level of website traffic is essential for any business aiming to succeed onl...

How Do I Find a Rheem Service Agent Near Me?

It’s been weeks (maybe months) of your hot water system playing up. It’s finally time to replace it. You’ve done your research and y...

Air Conditioning Installation in Mosman: Keeping Your Home Cool and Comfortable

The lower North Shore of Sydney has a beautiful suburb. The name is Mosman. It is very stunning and comes with a home that is luxurious, w...

Decoding Your Car's Dashboard Symbols: What They Mean and What to Do

Navigating the array of symbols on your car’s dashboard can sometimes feel like decoding a complex language. Understanding what these indi...

Enhancing Your Home with Rugs and Blinds

Importance of Home Decor Creating a comfortable and visually appealing living space is a priority for many homeowners. Your home is a ref...

How Solar Energy Can Transform Your Business

Businesses today are under immense pressure to reduce operational costs, adopt sustainable practices, and stay competitive. Amidst these cha...